http://www.asiaportal.info/ The 20 newest items in the History collection at the Asia Portal en-us Wed, 08 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0200 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/c7043653-e6ce-44a8-bb5d-909193dff8e8 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/c7043653-e6ce-44a8-bb5d-909193dff8e8 Teotonio R. de Souza was born in Goa in 1947. Studied at the University of Poona for Master's and PhD in History (1970-1977). Professed member of the Society of Jesus (1967-1994), collaborated in founding the Xavier Centre of Historical Research, Goa in 1979. PhD guide in History of the Goa University (1985-1994) and visiting Professor of Jnana Deepa Vidyapeeth (Poona) and Vidyajyoti (Delhi). Recovered Portuguese citizenship in 1995. Since 1996ÊProfessor and Head of the Department of History of the Universidade Lusofona in Lisboa. Is fellow of the Portuguese Academy of History since 1983 and of the Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa since 2000. More details of [his] CV may be consulted at http://bit.ly/6flQ9 and the ResearchID with important online publications at http://bit.ly/aBMS9z Several of his important publications (particularly dispersed and hard to get research articles) during the past 3 and half decades may now be consulted at http://www.scribd.com/teodesouza and http://recil.grupolusofona.pt/items-by-author?author=Souza%2C+Teot%C3%B3nio+R.+de [not covered by this abstract - ed.] They cover the historical and cultural impact of the Portuguese colonial presence in Asia, and more particularly in India. - trs." Site contents: * Historical Explorations & Online Documents (# O 6o ConcIlio de Goa e a Instrumentalizacao PolItica de S. Francisco Xavier; # Easteriography and Goan History; # Marine Insurance in Indo-Portuguese Trade; # Bocarro's Account of Goa-based Trade in the Early 17th Century; # Goa Inquisition for Colonial Disciplining; # Hajj Without Spice: Akbar and the Portuguese; # Rojnishi & Indo-Portuguese History; # Rojnishi: Maratha history in Portuguese records of Lisbon; # Embassies and Surrogates: Case-Study of a Malacca Embassy to Siam in 1595; # History of Goan Culture: Post-Orientalism; # Our Inspirers: Maria Couto & Fr. Romuald; # Time & Memory: Ringing in the New; # To the Nations and Nation: Francis Xavier and Joseph Vaz; # Bhorpis (gypsies) in Goa; # Inquisition, Jesuits and Archbishops; # Goa Jesuits: 250 Years Ago and Since; # J.H. Cunha Rivara and Native Goan Elites; # A Kind of Absence (Author: Joao da Veiga Coutinho); # Praying Doves and Preying Vultures; # Church in Goa: Servants, slaves and rebels; # Medieval Goa (2009); # T R de Souza on Google Scholar [Jul 2009, List compiled by John Pimenta]; # Goan Ethnography and Colonial Anthropology; # Ganv thuim marodd: Goan ethnographic heritage; # Nothing Need Worry the Church of Goa; # India - 50 (1997); # The Portuguese Saints; # The Political Economy of the Church (2009); # Dare not Silence the Truth; # Vasco da Gama and the Later Portuguese Colonial Presence in India; # The Church in Goa (1999); # A Igreja na India (Esboco Historico) (2000); # As impressoes portuguesas da India; # Indo-Portuguese numismatics and the Goa Mint (1976); # Municipalismo colonial e municipalismo nativo em Goa: conflitos e convergoncias de interesses; # Missionacao Portuguesa no Indico; # The Mirage of Elections; # Lusofonia: O caso de Goa; # 25 years of ISIPH seminars [Indo-Portuguese History]; # Charles R. Boxer: Historiador, Mestre e Amigo (2004); # Um Missionario da Civilizacao Hindu em Portugal (2000); # My kingdom is not of this earth; # The Make-up of a Guru; # Diamond Mines of the Deccan (1996); # The Mhamais of Goa; # The Portuguese in Goa; # Confessionarios or Manuals of Confession: Missionary tools and their colonial uses -- The case study of Goa (2005); # Mito e Arte em Santa Monica de Goa; # Myth and Art at Santa Monica in Goa; # Goa: Roteiro Historico Cultural; # Estado da India 500 anos; # Corruption: The Mother of Poverty; # Saints for all Seasons?; # Lingua portuguesa ou Lingua a portuguesa?; # Cunha Rivara 200 PT; # Cunha Rivara 200; # Goa Archives - Fourth Centenary; # How the Church Flourished in Goa; # Mhamais of Goa; # Goan Identity: One, several or none?; # Goans in Europe: Losing their Identity; # Os bispos acorianos no Oriente portuguos; # Goa and the Pinto Conspiracy of 1757; # The Voiceless in Goan Historiography; # Dying and Killing for Forged Identities?; # De Ceuta ao Japao; # Christmas for Secular Believers; # Never the same again; # Cursing the Parents, Cursing the Past. No way forward!; # Guddhameva Jayate!; # Goa: Lusotopic, Lusophonic or Lusophilic?; # Pluricronias; # Goa: Daughter's Story; # Goa: Conversions & Citizenry; # Metahistory; # African Slavery in Goa; # MOIRA 1875; # Hindus and Goan Colonial Economy; # Padroado portuguos no Oriente; # Dishonouring Our Freedom Fighters; # Church Politics in Goa; # Between Empires - Review Article; # Historical Archives; # Unwrapping Goan Identity (2008)). http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/ef5cbfca-217e-4078-8b8c-2e6fe52a0514 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/ef5cbfca-217e-4078-8b8c-2e6fe52a0514 Under den militære horisont : tilbake til fremtiden i Afghanistan / Jan R. Aarvold. - Tromsø : Det samfunnsvitenskaplige fakultet, Universitetet i Tromsø, 2009. - 65 s. (Masteropgave) Aktuelle handlemåter i krigføring, og aktørenes organisering er influert av sosiokulturelle systemer. Ved eksterne militære trusler, slik som for eksempel i Afghanistan, kan motstandsorganisasjoner oppstå og organiseres basert på tradisjonelle og eksisterende sosiale strukturer. Allianseinngåelser og beslutninger om å gå til krig påvirkes både av strukturelle og individuelle faktorer. Individuelle motivasjoner, form og prosess for allianseinngåelser, samt aktørenes militære styrke former derfor konfliktprosesser og handlemåter. Disse faktorene kan virke avgjørende for om en krig eller konflikt vil foregå over eller under den militære horisont. Denne horisonten representerer et tenkt skille mellom soldater og krigere, de kamporganisasjoner de tilhører, og hvordan deres organisering påvirker handlemåter og aksjoner. Under den militære horisont styres ikke krigens regler av doktrine eller av folkeretten. Aktørenes handlinger bør derfor vurderes i lys av deres emiske betydning og ikke i lys av rene instrumentelle eller ofte barbariske visuelle uttrykk. Tradisjonelle krigerorganisasjoner var som regel løst sammensatt uten formelle avdelinger eller spesialiteter, og normalt ledet av stammens eller klanens ledere. Deres regler i krig var svært annerledes enn vestens regler, både i forhold til oppfatninger om, og behandling av kombattante og ikke-kombattante. Når soldater engasjerer krigere, eller omvendt, enten det er i Somalia eller Afghanistan, kreves det en klar forståelse for forskjellene mellom disse to kategoriene av væpnete aktører. Distinksjonen mellom soldater og krigere kan representeres av den militære horisont. Denne distinksjonen, og konsekvensene av den i krig under den militære horisont, danner essensen i oppgavens tema. Krig under den militære horisont kan beskrives som en sann ”war amongst the people”, hvor skiftende allianser og lojaliteter kompliserer etableringen av fiendebilder. Dette forholdet utgjør den reelle kompleksiteten i situasjoner hvor militære styrker designet og trenet for krig over den militære horisont, møter krigere som opererer under denne horisonten. For aktører under den militære horisont anvendes asymmetriske forhold slik at de kan påføre akkurat den smerte som skal til for å generere en overreaksjon fra motparten. Krig under den militære horisont kan i sin ytterste konsekvens representere et bortfall av tradisjonelle og kulturelle oppfatninger om legitimitet og restriksjoner for bruk av vold. Væpnede gruppers handlinger i Afghanistan, konfliktens varighet, voldens skala og natur, kan vanskelig forklares av kulturelle egenskaper og tradisjoner alene. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/9cdf50d0-3c23-45b4-bfb4-a90ae5fb1308 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/9cdf50d0-3c23-45b4-bfb4-a90ae5fb1308 Modernization and the decline of citizen diplomacy in China from the 1920s to the 1940s / Jinghua Li. - Oslo : Institutt for Statsvitenskap, Universitetet i Oslo, 2009. - 88 p. (Master's thesis) The purpose of this thesis is to answer two research questions: firstly, what was the relationship between China’s modernization and the changes in citizen diplomacy from the 1920s to the 1940s? And secondly, why was the relationship between China’s modernization and the changes in citizen diplomacy in this period negative? I contextualize the term “modernization” and provide an overview of China’s modernization firstly. Then I define citizen diplomacy in the context provided by the previous sector. Also I compare it to other similar conceptions, such as “track two” diplomacy and public diplomacy, to deepen the understanding of citizen diplomacy. I go on to consider how China’s modernization evolved, compared with the changes in citizen diplomacy from the 1920s and 1940s: a negative relationship between the two variables is presented. I clarify the correlation of modernization and democratization of diplomacy in order to explain the negative relationship in the Chinese context. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/a3003a65-92fd-4804-bebe-339890a287df http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/a3003a65-92fd-4804-bebe-339890a287df Self description: Scholarly Information Services/The Library at ANU holds a number of unique and in some cases rare and fragile collections in both print and microfilm relating to the Chinese Cultural Revolution period (1966 to 1976). A project was established in conjunction with the Pacific Rim Digital Library Alliance (PRDLA) http://www.prdla.org to develop an electronic gateway via the Internet to make these resources available both nationally and internationally. This web-based database not only makes this material accessible globally to the academic community but will preserve the contents of some very fragile and rare material. The material selected for inclusion in this database have been in the first instance from the Cultural Revolution period. However, additional materials from outside this time-frame which are relevant to the events of the Cultural Revolution are also being included. Although most of the material is held in the Library, some material is held in private collections by academic staff at the ANU, who have been willing to have their materials included in the database. As part of its on-going committment to this project, Scholarly Information Services/The Library is working towards seeking additional international contributing partners who also hold relevant material on the Cultural Revolution period. If you have further information or would like to comment or make a contribution to this digital collection please contact us at eastasia@anu.edu.au http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/85a013e6-2890-4390-aac6-a099e0b3e1ed http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/85a013e6-2890-4390-aac6-a099e0b3e1ed Sverige och Koreakrigeten studie av Sveriges hållning till Koreakonflikten 1947-1953 / Jacob Stridsman. - Umeå : Umeå University. Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, 2008. - vi, 344 p. (Skrifter från Institutionen för historiska studier, Umeå universitet ; 23) The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the Swedish policy towards the Korean Conflict 1947–1953. “Swedish policy” means primarily the Swedish Government’s policy, but also the action taken by the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Swedish Defence Staff. When the UN treated the issue of Korea in the years before the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 the Swedish government abstained from voting for reasons of principle or legality, namely that the Korean issue belonged to the peace regulations after the Second World War, in which Sweden, as an ex-neutral state, considered that it should not participate. During the Korean War 1950–1953 the Swedish government almost consistently and in many different ways supported the US-led coalition in defence of South Korea. Although never officially mentioned, this support was given with considerable uneasiness. This uneasiness stemmed not only from fears that the neutrality policy would be compromised in the eyes of the Soviet Union but also from fears of what the reaction would be like in Sweden. The fear concerned two things: that the public support for Sweden joining the Western alliance would be strengthened, and that there would be negative reactions among their own crack units, who were regarded as neutrality supporters. Certain elements in the policy adopted by the Government have been judged as attempts to try to counteract this. Due to its status as non-aligned country without combat troops in Korea Sweden was given a number of assignments of a mediating and bridging nature during the Korean War. The Swedish government had worries that some of those assignments would be expensive and difficult to carry out. But Sweden had an obvious interest in putting an end to the war and the government also realized that the fact that Sweden was given such missions could be used to justify the Swedish policy of neutrality. The Korean War broke out quickly and surprisingly and was initially mobile and fluctuating with several dramatic changes in the successes in the field. Throughout the war, also when the warfare had become more static and the armistice negotiations had started, there was a latent threat of escalation towards a major war between East and West. The Swedish foreign and security policy experts in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Defence Staff could not predict the outbreak of the Korean War and all the dramatic shifts, but they had an accurate basic attitude concerning the two superpowers’ desire to avoid a world war and restrict the Korean War to Korea. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/5525dea3-5b51-4841-a072-0fcbcbbc486b http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/5525dea3-5b51-4841-a072-0fcbcbbc486b Self Description: CWIHP was established at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C., in 1991. The Project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to accelerate the process of integrating new sources, materials and perspectives from the former "Communist bloc" with the historiography of the Cold War which has been written over the past few decades largely by Western scholars reliant on Western archival sources. It also seeks to transcend barriers of language, geography, and regional specialization to create new links among scholars interested in Cold War history. Among the activities undertaken by the Project to promote this aim are a periodic Bulletin and other publications to disseminate new findings, views, and activities pertaining to Cold War history; a fellowship program for young historians from the former Communist bloc countries to conduct archival research and study Cold War history in the United States; and international scholarly meetings, conferences, and seminars. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/d9a77e3c-ac0c-4bc9-bc31-1ed6f0dc4b0c http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/d9a77e3c-ac0c-4bc9-bc31-1ed6f0dc4b0c The Southeast Asia Digital Library’s World Wide Web site presents a large, searchable database of primary source materials from libraries and museums in Southeast Asia. Nevertheless, these materials make up only a small fraction of the collections available in the institutions taking part in this project. This project has developed with the original goal of making primary source materials available to individuals who are often unable to travel to these libraries, museums, and archives to take advantage of them. We also hope that this project will encourage students and other non-scholars to visit libraries, museums and archives to examine the vast amounts of historical materials that remain there, undigitized. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/cefb13a0-6c90-4c67-b4db-69ade3f9e13b http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/cefb13a0-6c90-4c67-b4db-69ade3f9e13b SAHSA was founded to promote scholarship on the history of the South Asian region in the United States. The organization (1) enhances the profile of South Asian history within the wider historical profession; (2) fosters the study of South Asian history across disciplinary and methodological boundaries; (3) encourages the study of South Asian history in relation to global histories; (4) provides venues for scholars to communicate with one another; and (5) promotes excellence in scholarship. Membership is open to all teachers and scholars of South Asian history. SAHSA resources for scholars include regular conferences and an email discussion list. SAHSA intends to promote discussion on South Asian history and historiography through this website as well as more traditional publication avenues." Site contents: * About (SAHSA By-Laws); * Navigation (Contact, Discussions, Blog, Polls, Recent posts); * User login. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/a377e22c-3c2c-457d-ae90-16f73313bf12 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/a377e22c-3c2c-457d-ae90-16f73313bf12 This series of profiles offer brief, summarized information on a country’s historical background, geography, society, economy, transportation and telecommunications, government and politics, and national security. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/b9b303c8-73d5-4325-9ebe-d1ff3d84eca5 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/b9b303c8-73d5-4325-9ebe-d1ff3d84eca5 Fremstillingen av krigen i Afghanistan i norske medier : en studie av det politiske maktapparatets påvirkning på sentrale norske mediers Afghanistan-dekning fra september 2001 til og med desember 2008 / Kristin Jonassen Nordby. - Oslo : Institutt for Statsvitenskap, Universitetet i Oslo, 2009. - 132 p. (Masteropgave) Daniel Hallins studie (1984) av de amerikanske medienes dekning av krigen i Vietnam viser at mediene ikke var uavhengige i sin dekning, men at de snarere sluttet opp om en offisiell linje som i stor grad var definert og begrenset av offentlige myndigheter og sentrale politikere. I denne studien testes Hallins funn på sentrale norske mediers dekning av konflikten i Afghanistan. Oppgavens todelte problemstilling er: I hvilken grad er sentrale norske mediers dekning av Afghanistan-konflikten styrt av det norske politiske maktapparatet? Hvilke implikasjoner har dette i så fall for en kritisk mediedekning av konflikten? Det politiske maktapparatet forstås som sentrale politikere, sentralforvaltningen og forsvaret. Problemstillingen blir besvart ved hjelp av en kvantitativ innholdsanalyse av Aftenpostens og Dagsavisens hovedsaker om Afghanistan fra terrorangrepet i 2001 frem til og med desember 2008, og en kvalitativ analyse basert på syv informantintervjuer med sentrale aktører i mediene, politikken og forsvaret. Studien bekrefter i stor grad at mediedekningen er elitefokusert og at dette fokuset øker over tid. Kritisk mediedekning av konflikten blir dessuten truet av ressurs- og sikkerhetshensyn, samt elitekildenes begrensede ytringsfrihet. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/f1cf9049-9a21-46d8-af4c-99a9d70223a8 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/f1cf9049-9a21-46d8-af4c-99a9d70223a8 Etikk i gråsonen mellom krig og fred : en undersøkelse av Norges engasjement i Afghanistan / Cornelia Vikan. - Tromsø : Institutt for sosiologi, statsvitenskap og samfunnsplanlegging, Universitetet i Tromsø, 2009. - 54 p. (Master's thesis) Eksisterer det en etisk gråsone i Afghanistan? Når det norske Forsvaret har sin hovedinnsats i internasjonale operasjoner i Afghanistan er det god grunn til å belyse etiske problemstillinger knyttet til krig. Rettferdig krig tradisjonen beskriver blant annet hvordan man kan føre krig på en rettferdig måte. Begrepet krig er imidlertid blitt mer uklart som følge av nye kontekster. Spørsmålet er derfor hvordan rettferdig krig tradisjonen kan anvendes på situasjonen i Afghanistan, og hvordan norske militære ledere håndterer etiske dilemmaer i denne situasjonen. Dette er bakgrunnen for problemstillingens første del om en etisk gråsone i Afghanistan. Samtidig har Forsvarsdepartementet utgitt Handlingsplan for holdninger, etikk og ledelse (HEL) som et tiltak for å øke den etiske bevisstheten i hele Forsvarssektoren. Gitt Forsvarets funksjon og rasjonale er problemstillingens andre del knyttet til hvorvidt HEL også kan ses på som et tiltak som møter den operative virkeligheten. Det er gjort en kvalitativ undersøkelse i form av dybdeintervjuer med militære ledere som har erfaring fra tjeneste i Afghanistan. Undersøkelsens viktigste funn tyder på at det på et overordnet plan eksisterer en etisk gråsone i Afghanistan. Det kan også se ut til at en slik gråsone ikke reflekteres i HEL. Så langt denne undersøkelsen kan si, vil HEL uansett ha en tilsynelatende suksess, siden den etiske bevisstheten i Forsvarets militære organisasjon allerede synes å være vel integrert. Om tiltak som å styrke etikkfaget i utdanning og forskning gir noen effekt i forhold til å møte en etisk gråsone gjenstår å se. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/18c026fc-4690-4fa8-8c64-1bcac4e35f3c http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/18c026fc-4690-4fa8-8c64-1bcac4e35f3c The 60th anniversary Reith Lectures on BBC focuses on China and are given by the historian Professor Jonathan Spence. Each of the lectures will be available after broadcast to listen again or download. Lecture 1: Confucian Ways http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/4b3b7c5e-0869-48db-af2c-85f9a995dcb8 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/4b3b7c5e-0869-48db-af2c-85f9a995dcb8 Modern military technology in counterinsurgency warfare : the experience of the nationalist army during the Chinese civil war / Victor Shiu Chiang Cheng. - Lund : Lund University, 2007. - 21 p. (Working papers in contemporary Asian studies ; 20) In an era in which the West is seeking effective strategies in the war against “terrorism”, the use of innovative military technology in counterinsurgency warfare has attracted attention from scholars and policy makers alike. Existing opinion contends that innovation of offensive weaponry, such as artillery, is likely to favour the stronger sides in a conflict. However, the Nationalist/Guomindang (GMD) experience in the Chinese Civil War (1946-49) proved otherwise. Most of the offensive weapons, such as long-range artillery and tanks, imported from America proved not only ineffective in combat, but also a liability to GMD logistics. Based on newly released civil war documents from PRC and Taiwan, this working paper summarises the preliminary findings of a study on the GMD experience using modern military technology during the Chinese Civil War. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/0723deda-b4bb-43f4-9a19-c99899594c67 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/0723deda-b4bb-43f4-9a19-c99899594c67 The National Mission for Manuscripts was established in February 2003, by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India. A unique project in its programme and mandate, the Mission seeks to unearth and preserve the vast manuscript wealth of India. India possesses an estimate of five million manuscripts, probably the largest collection in the world. These cover a variety of themes, textures and aesthetics, scripts, languages, calligraphies, illuminations and illustrations. Together, they constitute the 'memory' of India's history, heritage and thought. These manuscripts lie scattered across the country and beyond, in numerous institutions as well as private collections, often unattended and undocumented. The National Mission for Manuscripts aims to locate, document, preserve and render these accessible -- to connect India's past with its future, its memory with its aspirations. Site contents: * About Us (History, Objectives, Performance Summary, Structure of the Mission, Mission Directory); * Indian Manuscripts (What is a Manuscript, Knowledge Areas; Materials, Sizes and Shapes, Scripts and Languages); * Partners (Manuscript Resource Centres, Manuscript Conservation Centres, Manuscript Partner Centres, Manuscript Conservation Partner Centres, MRC-MCC Map); * Downloads; * FAQ's; * Manuscripts in Focus; * Calendar of Events; * Database ["Kritisampada"] (Search [Title, Author, Script, Language, Subject or Material] Kritisampada online database, Search [Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu And Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttaranchal, West Bengal] for Manuscript repository in different districts of India); * Photo Gallery; * Documentation of the Manuscripts (Manuscript Database, National Survey, Post Survey, Cataloguing Manuscripts, History of Cataloguing); * Manuscript Studies (Concept, Training, Scripts); * Conservation (Concept, Manuscript Conservation Centres, Manuscript Conservation Partner Centres, Special Field Labs, Standards for Conservation, Conservation Training, Support Services, Research, Indigenous Methods); * Digitization (Concept, Our Programmes, Standard Guidelines, Sample of Images); * Publication (Lectures, Seminars, Bi-monthly publication, Catalogues, Critical Editions, Standards for Conservation, Standards for Digitization); * Outreach (Lectures, Seminars, School Programme, University Debate, Manuscript Treasures; Exhibitions, Memory of the World). * Contact us; * Search. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/047e8d1c-0d55-443d-909e-aba2db557346 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/047e8d1c-0d55-443d-909e-aba2db557346 Krigsjournalistik : en kritisk diskursanalys av New York Times rapportering av kriget i Afghanistan 2001 / Josefine Karlsson. - Örebro : Örebro University. School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, 2008. - 86 s. (Bachelor's thesis) The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the New York Times to a large extent connect the war in Afghanistan with the 9/11 terrorist attacks against the United States. The media coverage of a war affects the people that are involved and their understanding, knowledge and standpoint towards the war. As a consequence one believes that the main reason why there is a war in Afghanistan is the 9/11 attacks. The 9/11 terrorist attacks are also used as a way to legitimate the war in Afghanistan. Furthermore, the ideological approach that can be found in the news material coincide with the dominant ideology that characterizes the American society and where the war in Afghanistan is regarded as authorized given the 9/11 attacks against the United States. It is also common in the news material to avoid criticising different actors, for example the Pentagon and their lack of information about the military campaign in Afghanistan. In addition the news material requires detailed historical information about the conflict which would allow the reader to get a fair understanding of the conflict itself and the reality that is being portrayed. Ultimately, conventional war journalism should change its practice and as a substitute start focusing on offering peace journalism. Peace journalism is capable of describing the historical background that lies behind the conflict and where all the participants has the opportunity to give their side of the story, this would give the reader a fair chance to understand the whole situation. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/833d2b01-2bd0-4c19-bb40-81c70dd1b2e1 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/833d2b01-2bd0-4c19-bb40-81c70dd1b2e1 An imperial tradition offering more faith than science : 70 år med britisk imperiehistorie : en historiografisk analyse av behandlingen av Det østindiske handelskompanieti tre britiske historieverk på 1900-tallet / Tore Rørtveit. - Bergen : Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and the History of Religions, University of Bergen, 2008. - 97 p. (Master's thesis) I perioden fra 1763 til 1813 forvandler Det britiske østindiske handelskompaniet seg fra å drive med handel, til å bli territorialherre i India. Denne oppgaven formidler hvordan denne overgangen er fremstilt i tre forskjellige britiske historieverk på 1900-tallet; henholdsvis The Cambridge History of the British Empire mellomkrigstid, The Founding of the Second British Empire (etterkrigstid) og på terskelen til et nytt årtusen (The Oxford History of the British Empire). Med historiografi som metode avdekker den hvordan britiske imperiehistorikere er bundet til en sterk fagtradisjon, som legger styringer på historien som til enhver tid kommer til uttrykk - ikke minst i brytningspunktet mellom de to universitetene ved Cambridge og Oxford. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/4d65193f-79e9-4515-b066-4c3c67d80188 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/4d65193f-79e9-4515-b066-4c3c67d80188 Humanitarian intervention and just war : a comparative analysis of India's interventions in Bangladesh, 1971, and Sri Lanka, 1987-1990 / Bo Christoffer Iwar Brekke. - Oslo : Institutt for statsvitenskap, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. - 179 p. (Master's thesis) This thesis aims to approach some of the moral issues surrounding the concept of humanitarian intervention by performing a comparative analysis of two cases, the Indian interventions in Bangladesh in 1971 and in Sri Lanka in 1987-1990. While the intervention in Bangladesh is frequently invoked as a “classical example” of morally legitimate humanitarian intervention, the Indian experience in Sri Lanka is far less well-known, and is, to the extent that it is discussed, rather described in such terms as “India’s Vietnam.” The aim of the thesis is to see what, if anything, differentiates the two cases from a strictly moral perspective. To do so, I apply a normative framework based on the Just War Tradition on the two cases, assessing them against six criteria for what constitutes a “just war” to determine their respective moral status. Subsequently, a comparison of the two case studies aims to uncover which factors seem to be the most important in determining the final moral status of the respective interventions. Based on the results, the thesis aims to make some generalizing comments regarding the conditions under which humanitarian intervention can be a morally just undertaking. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/5d58061a-dbe5-47cb-944c-4842ebfcf838 http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/5d58061a-dbe5-47cb-944c-4842ebfcf838 Charles de Gaulle et le prélude de la guerre d’Indochine du 18 juin 1940 au 19 janvier 1946 : le résultat de la politique indochinoise du général de Gaulle est-il la guerre? / Sofie Elisabeth Oraug-Rygh. - Oslo : Département des études de littérature, de civilisation et des langues européennes, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. - 129 p. (Master's thesis) The master thesis “Charles de Gaulle and the prelude to the French Indochina war” analyses de Gaulle’s Indochina policies during the Second World War. The author asks if de Gaulle’s policies were outdated and led to the Indochina war. De Gaulle’s policies are compared with others world leader’s views on Indochina and also other French politicians’ views. The thesis concludes that de Gaulle’s policies were more advanced than others. He tried to modernise French colonial policies and offer more autonomy to the locals, but he, as the rest of the world leaders, did not understand the strength and resilience of the Vietminh movement. De Gaulle recaptured Indochina and put it back on French hands with the blessing of the world leaders. http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/d33420fa-7665-4fe2-afa4-ca98cb86a04f http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/d33420fa-7665-4fe2-afa4-ca98cb86a04f Frankfurt, Germany - On 30th April 2009, the end of the Vietnam War has its 34th anniversary. On the occasion of this memorable date, Tom Abraham, a repeatedly awarded photographer, gives a unique insight into the present social life in the so much devastated country. Punctually on the anniversary day, a complete Vietnam portfolio will be launched under www.peace-piece.com by the artist, who currently lives in Frankfurt/Main. It mirrors moments of the present life in Vietnam, and it documents the influences of the long lasting peace process as well as the cultural changes in the Asian country. With more than 300 pictures, Tom Abraham’s portfolio is in this extent unique until now. The impressive photos were taken during a journey through Vietnam in 2007. They can be categorized into four topics: souls, culture, nature and outtakes. “The pictures deliver a wide-ranging but also a subtle insight into the country and its customs. Vietnam has been mourning the death of more than three million people – the second largest number of casualties since 1945,” Mr Abraham said. With the launch of his website on 30th April the artist wants to stamp a mark for peace. The website’s design is mainly based on puristic elements. What is even more extraordinary is the presentation of his photos in two languages: English and Vietnamese. “I deliberately wanted to avoid language options in order to make a contribution towards an international dialogue,” so Mr Abraham. About the artist Tom Abraham (born in 1981) started his work as a photographer auto-didactically. He is familiar with Asian culture due to several journeys to Bali and adjourning regions during his studies. His existing portfolio (www.Individual.de) has already received international praise. So, Mr Abraham was awarded, for instance, the American Design Award and the Dope Award. His current cooperation partner is the artists’ platform seen.by, which is sponsored by Spiegel Online. There one can see a limited edition of his pictures. contact for press : urbanatur concept Tom Abraham Vogelsbergstr. 31 60316 Frankfurt Germany phone.: +49178/4977337 e-mail: info@peace-piece.com web: http://www.peace-piece.com http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/c0093fdc-6f1e-4ea9-9d78-4de78cca21db http://www.asiaportal.info/purl/c0093fdc-6f1e-4ea9-9d78-4de78cca21db Published by the Orissa State Museum, Bhubaneswar.