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Searching for a Chinese worker-subject
Factory girl, Suzhou. Photo © Chad Ingraham , Flickr. The People's Republic of China manufactures products for the whole world and the spectacular growth of the Chinese economy is wellknown. Who produces the many products that we purchase in this part of the world? Whose economic development is it and what is the current situation of workers in China? Anthropologist Pun Ngai has studied the construction of a new reform-era worker subject in China's many factories and dormitories. Pun Ngai is now visiting Scandinavia and is giving guest lectures in Lund, Copenhagen, Oslo and Trondheim 16-19 March. More information on the seminars can be found here
Nordic Commentary
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In the early 1990s I started an ongoing journey in search of a Chinese worker-subject within the trajectory of China's state socialist system's incorporation into global capitalism.
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I markedsøkonomiens Kina er arbejderen ikke længere en ukønnet krop defineret af klasse, men derimod et kønnet subjekt
Read the full opinion by Hilda Rømer Christensen and Cecilia Milwertz and sign in to join the discussion
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Includes relevant Laws and regulations Description: Founded on April 3, 1949, the All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) is a mass organization dedicated to the advancement of Chinese women of all ethnic groups in all walks of life. Mission: To represent and to protect women’s rights and interests, and to promote equality between men and women. Purpose: To represent and to safeguard women’s rights and interests, and to promote equality between men and women. "
http://www.women.org.cn/english/index.htm
Keywords: China, East Asia, In Focus, In Focus 2008, In Focus 2008 Week 11, In Focus 2009, In Focus 2009 Week 12, In Focus 2010, In Focus 2010 Week 03, Women and gender studies, Women´s organisations,
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China Labor Watch (CLW) is an independent not-for-profit organisation whose mission is the realisation and defense of labour rights in China. CLW seeks the enforcement of labour laws provided for under the laws of the PRC as well as internationally recognised protections. CLW seeks to help China 's workers become more informed of their rights, and to empower them to pursue and realise these rights within their communities.
http://www.chinalaborwatch.org/
Keywords: Business. Management, China, East Asia, Human rights, In Focus, In Focus 2008, In Focus 2008 Week 11, In Focus 2008 Week 29, In Focus 2008 Week 30, In Focus 2008 Week 31, In Focus 2009, In Focus 2009 Week 12, Labour movements, Labour rights,
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Self description: "Founded in 1994 by labour activist Han Dongfang, China Labour Bulletin seeks to uphold and defend the rights of workers across China. We support the development of democratic trade unions, respect for and enforcement of the country’s labour laws, and the full participation of workers in the creation of civil society. We also seek the official recognition in China of international standards and conventions providing for workers’ freedom of association and the right to free collective bargaining." Contains news and reports, forums as well as introduction to China's labour system. Available in English and Chinese.
http://www.china-labour.org.hk/public/main
Keywords: Business. Management, China, East Asia, Human rights, In Focus, In Focus 2008, In Focus 2008 Week 29, In Focus 2008 Week 30, In Focus 2008 Week 31, In Focus 2009, In Focus 2009 Week 11, In Focus 2009 Week 12, Labour movements, Labour relations, Labour rights, Trade unions,
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China, South Africa and the Lewis model / John Knight. - Helsinki : UNU/WIDER, 2007. - 11 p. (Research paper / United Nations University. World Institute for Development Economics Research ; 2007/82) The paper uses the Lewis model as a framework for examining the labour market progress of two labour-abundant countries, China and South Africa, towards labour shortage and generally rising labour real incomes. In the acuteness of their rural-urban divides, forms of migrant labour, rapid rural-urban migration, and high and rising real wages in the formal sector, the two economies are surprisingly similar. They differ, however, in the dynamism of their formal sector growth of output and employment, and in the growth of their labour forces. Whereas China – a labour-surplus economy par excellence despite unemployment until recently taking only a disguised form – is moving rapidly in the direction of labour scarcity, South Africa – which historically has been short of labour – is moving towards increased labour surplus in the form of open unemployment. The paper draws on research previously conducted by the author in separate research projects on the two countries.
http://www.niaslinc.dk/gateway_to_asia/nordic_webpublications/x506033820.pdf
Keywords: Business. Management, China, East Asia, Finland, In Focus, In Focus 2008, In Focus 2008 Week 34, In Focus 2009, In Focus 2009 Week 12, Labour relations, Migration, Nordic Perspective, Publications, Social conditions,
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Authors: Wichterich,C. Produced by: Women in Development Europe (2008) China has emerged as a global player and powerhouse on the international trade map. It is however increasingly depicted as a giant economic monster. As the world's workshop, the country has become one of the main sites for transnational corporate investment and one of the main exporters of manufactured goods. Against the background of China's transformation into a market economy, its reckless growth path and social polarization, this paper explores the gender implications of the Chinese trade race and EU's push for sweeping liberalisation. The author argues that whilst these processes were initiated by the Chinese Government's 'open door' policies, since China's WTO accession they are increasingly driven by a complex interaction between domestic policies, foreign trade and investment policies, and corporate interests. After exploring the topical trade and investment policies between the EU and China and their gender-specific effects on the 'socialist' market economy in China, the author argues that a key question remains: whether the EU's concerns about economic, social and environmental sustainability included in the policy documents can change development in China for the better. How powerful and effective is the concept of 'change through trade' on social, regional and gender inequalities, or regarding environmental degradation, resource exploitation and energy waste? Concluding points include: presently, the Chinese leadership is torn apart between its prevailing interest in economic growth and wealth, spreading social unrest by groups who are marginalised or excluded from welfare, and the pressure exerted by the USA and the EU civil society organisations concerned about development issues, social justice and gender equality increasingly challenge the EU's and China's trade race by a dual strategy of engagement the EU trade and investment policies apply double standards. On the one hand, they attempt to protect EU business and its very interest in efficiency and profitability by the rule of law in China, disregarding the adverse social and environmental effects of this corporate-driven growth path due to the competitive advantage of EU companies in environmentally friendly and resource-saving technology, it seems to be possible to link economic interests to environmental concerns. However, regarding issues of social, gender and regional inequality, EU trade and investment policies do not have many answers.
http://62.149.193.10/wide/download/WIDE%20EU%20CHINA%20-%20FINAL.pdf?id=655
Keywords: China, EU and Asia, East Asia, Economic issues, Foreign trade, In Focus, In Focus 2009, In Focus 2009 Week 12, Women and gender studies,
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Master's thesis. (2007) An increasing number of companies are relocating from developed to developing countries. The recent years, China has emerged as one the largest recipients of foreign direct investment in the world. The reason for the relocation is mainly to save costs on production, where labour is one of the main factors. Many of these workers are female and much literature has focused on bad working conditions and exploitation. Through a case-study of some female blue- and white-collar workers in a Norwegian company in a rural town in Jiangsu province, China, this study seeks to find what impact economic globalization has on their lives. Through in-depth interviews, some of the experiences of working in the Norwegian company are tried captured. Key-informants in the company and the local government are also interviewed. The interviews are supplemented with observation and secondary literature to contextualize the answers. The analytical framework is the capability approach, to see if foreign industry can lead to capacitation and potentially empowerment of the female workers. Both material and immaterial achievements are considered. The focus is on the women in the context of the household and the changes the Norwegian company represents compared to the earlier places the women have worked. The industrialization of the area where the women lived meant expanded employment opportunities. Most of the women had worked in different Asian or Chinese companies before and the change to the Norwegian company represented generally a shift to the better in terms of working conditions and wages. This had enhanced their capabilities to a certain degree. Paid employment can potentially give women a stronger bargaining position in the household. The women controlled their income and were responsible for the daily shopping. Larger expenditures were discussed with their husbands and decisions were apparently jointly made. There were no significant changes in the gender division of labour, suggesting that traditional gender roles are resistant to change. Thus, the women were better off in the Norwegian company in terms of wages, working hours and welfare, but their lives in general did not change significantly. There were considerable differences between the white- and blue-collar workers though, indicating the role of education.
http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_no_ntnu_diva-1529-1__fulltex...
Keywords: Business. Management, China, East Asia, In Focus, In Focus 2009, In Focus 2009 Week 12, Jiangsu, Labour relations, Nordic Perspective, Norway, Publications, Social conditions, Social groups, Women,
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The ILO Office for China and Mongolia carries out the ILO's programmes and activities in the People's Republic of China (including the Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions) and Mongolia. Using ILO's unique tripartite structure, The Beijing Office works in close collaboration with the government, the workers' and employers' organizations to promote decent work for all. The concept of decent work is built on four strategic pillars: the promotion of fundamental principles and rights at work; employment, enterprise creation and human resource development; social protection; and social dialogue. The Decent Work Agenda supports a move towards an integrated development strategy that links rights at work and social dialogue with employment policies and social protection.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/beijing/index.htm
Keywords: China, East Asia, Human rights, In Focus, In Focus 2008, In Focus 2008 Week 11, In Focus 2008 Week 29, In Focus 2008 Week 30, In Focus 2008 Week 31, In Focus 2009, In Focus 2009 Week 05, In Focus 2009 Week 12, In Focus 2009 Week 42, Labour rights,
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The March 2007 special issue of the Review of Income and Wealth focuses on regional poverty and inequality in China. This first paper provides a time profile of China's regional inequality by calculating a Theil-L index which suggests the need to tackle the urban-rural gap as a priority over regional gaps. The article then outlines the latest developments in inequality decomposition techniques. It also introduces the other six papers in the special issue: Globalisation and regional income inequality: empirical evidence from within China Forces shaping China's interprovincial inequality The urban-rural income gap and inequality in china Estimating income inequality in China using grouped data and the generalised beta distribution Gender earnings differentials and regional economic development in urban China, 1988 - 1997 Urban poverty in China and its contributing factors, 1986 - 2000 These are all available through the links to the right of this text.
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2007.00216.x?cooki...
Keywords: China, Development, Development. Poverty, East Asia, In Focus, In Focus 2008, In Focus 2008 Week 34, In Focus 2008 Week 43, In Focus 2009, In Focus 2009 Week 12, In Focus 2009 Week 41, Poverty, Rural development,
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UNIFEM works to promote gender equality between women and men and to advance the status of women. In particular, we focus on implementing the Beijing Platform for Action and other UN global commitments through political and economic empowerment of women, and through the full realization of women's human rights. We work with governments, NGOs, community and other organizations, as well as individuals. The East and Southeast Asia Regional Office covers 13 countries (Cambodia, Democratic Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, People's Republic of China, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Thailand, Vietnam and East Timor).
http://unifem-eseasia.org
Keywords: Development, Development. Poverty, East Asia, In Focus, In Focus 2009, In Focus 2009 Week 12, In Focus 2010, In Focus 2010 Week 03, Multilateral aid, Southeast Asia, Women and gender studies, Women´s organisations,
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